Diabetes Management
Understanding diabetes
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterised by high blood sugar levels resulting from inadequate insulin production or ineffective use of insulin by the body. There are two main types of diabetes:
- Type 1 Diabetes: In this autoimmune condition, the body’s immune system attacks and destroys insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas, leading to a lack of insulin production.
- Type 2 Diabetes: This is the most common form of diabetes, typically occurring in adulthood. It involves insulin resistance, where the body’s cells do not respond effectively to insulin, leading to elevated blood sugar levels.
Gestational diabetes can also occur during pregnancy when hormonal changes affect insulin sensitivity.
Diabetes management and the ABCs
Take control of your diabetes management by focusing on your diabetes ABCs. Understanding and addressing these key factors-blood glucose, blood pressure, cholesterol, and smoking cessation, can significantly impact your overall health and reduce the risk of complications associated with diabetes.
- A stands for the A1C test- which provides a snapshot of your average blood glucose levels over the past three months. Aim for an A1C level below 50 – 55 mmol/mol but consult your healthcare team to determine your personalised goal.
- B represents blood pressure management – with a target of keeping it below 140/90 mm Hg for most individuals with diabetes. Consult your healthcare provider to establish your specific blood pressure goal.
- C denotes cholesterol levels – LDL cholesterol can lead to artery blockages, increasing the risk of heart attack or stroke. Ask your healthcare team about your ideal cholesterol targets and consider statin medication if you’re over 40 to promote heart health.
- S emphasises the importance of quitting smoking – as it exacerbates blood vessel narrowing, placing additional strain on the heart. Even e-cigarettes aren’t a safe alternative. By quitting smoking, you can reduce the risk of a heart attack, stroke, and other diabetes-related complications, while also potentially improving cholesterol and blood pressure levels and enhancing overall blood circulation.
Prioritising these ABCs of diabetes management empowers you to take proactive steps toward better health and a reduced risk of diabetes-related complications.
Other considerations for diabetes management
- Healthy eating
- Follow a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins (low in saturated fat and calories), and healthy fats.
- Monitor carbohydrate intake and choose complex carbohydrates over simple sugars.
- Limit consumption of processed foods, sugary snacks, and beverages.
- Be mindful of portion sizes and practice moderation.
- Regular physical activity
- Engage in regular aerobic exercise such as walking, swimming, or cycling for at least 30 minutes most days of the week.
- Incorporate strength training exercises to improve insulin sensitivity and control blood sugar levels.
- Aim for a total of 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week.
- Medication adherence
- Take prescribed diabetes medications as directed by your healthcare provider.
- Monitor blood sugar levels regularly and adjust medication doses as necessary.
- Be aware of potential side effects and interactions with other medications.
- Stress management
- Practice stress-reducing techniques such as deep breathing, meditation, yoga, or mindfulness.
- Seek support from friends, family, or a mental health professional if stress levels are high.
- Regular healthcare check-ups
- Schedule regular visits with your healthcare team, including your primary care physician, endocrinologist, and diabetes educator.
- Discuss any concerns or challenges you are facing in managing your diabetes.
- Stay up to date on recommended screenings and vaccinations.
Successful diabetes management has a lot to do with close collaboration with your diabetes healthcare team, as they play a crucial role in assisting you with self-managing your condition. While your healthcare team provides valuable support, you are the central figure in this partnership, as the decisions made directly impact you. By taking ownership of your diabetes, you empower yourself to effectively manage the condition and achieve better health outcomes.